Paper making apparatus



May 25, 1937. C w, HQwARD 2,081,456

PAPER MAKING APPARATUS Filed July 11, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I/////// g35 u x 4 33 23 6 r 1 Z Z L; f a so a a I l E 6 $3 6 g l l 35 28 g l I I.32 E l 33 i I i i I l INVENTOR May 25, 1937. c. w. HOWARD PAPER MAKINGAPPARATUS Filed July 11, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 llllllllillllll I I l l lI I ||l INVENTOR BY M )ia ATTORNEY Patented May 25, 1937 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE The Black- Clawson Company,

Hamilton,

Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application July 11, 1936, Serial No. 90,196

15 Claims.

This invention relates to waxed paper and the like.

One object of the invention resides in the removal of cooling water andthe like from the surface of a traveling sheet of waxed paper, the waterremoval being accomplished in an effec-' tive manner by a succession ofshaving actions as the paper moves in a downward direction.

Another object is the removal of the water from waxed paper and the likein such a manner as to minimize the broke loss.

Another object is the provision of apparatus including fixed blades forremoving water from the surface of a waxed paper web and the like,

in which the construction is such as to facilitate rethreading the paperwhen a break occurs.

Another object is the removal of the water.

from waxed .paper and the like without suction devices and other powerrequiring mechanism.

Another object is the provision of apparatus for removing water from thesurface of a waxed sheet, comprising blades which are inclineddownwardly and away from a downwardly moving sheet at a small angle tothe sheet and at a small angle to the vertical so that a comparativelysmall angular change takes place in thedirection of movement of theparticles of water as they leave the surface of the sheet, in order thatthe force of gravity is most efiectively utilized.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description, the appended claims and the accompanyingdrawings, in which-- 7 Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of anapparatus embodying the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a water removal apparatus;

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of a portion of the water removal apparatus;

Fig. 4 is a front elevation of a portion of the apparatus, on 'anenlarged scale;- 1

Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken on the line 5-5 of Fi 4;

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section taken on the line 6-t of Fig. 5; and

Fig. 7 is a full size view of one of the shaving blades.

Referring more particularly to the drawings by reference numerals, Fig.1 illustrates a preferred embodiment-of the invention in a ratherdiagrammatic manner. In this figure reference numeral iii represents areel of paper-or other sheet material to which a coating of paraflinwaxorthellkeistobeapplied. Thepaperweb H isguided over a guide roll [2and to. a pair of waxing rolls l3 which are arranged in or above asuitable tank I containing melted pa'raffin.- The paper may be supplieddirectly to the nip' of the rolls, l3 or may be guided beneath asubmerging roll [5 to receive a wax coating on both sides. The waxedsheet moving on from between the nip of the rolls I3 is then passed intoa cooling tank I! containing cold water or other suitable coolingliquid, the submerging roll i8 causing the waxed paper to flow throughthe water so as to rapidly chill the wax and harden it. It is then verydesirable to remove all of the water that clings as small globules orparticles on both surfaces of the sheet. Various ways have beenattempted to remove this surface water before the waxed sheet is woundup in the form of a roll as indicated at I8, and one form of waterremoval apparatus a that has been used to a large extent makes use ofsuction to remove the surface water as the sheet passes upwardly fromthe cooling tank past suction pipes. However, such suction devices areexpensive in construction and operation and offer certain objections.which are avoided in accordance with the present invention.

' As herein shown, the waxed paper web moves upwardly from the waterbath to an upper guide roll 20 provided near the upper end of the waterremoval apparatus designated generally by the reference numeral 2i. Thewater'is removed from the surface of the web of waxed paper as thelatter moves downwardly from the guide roll 20 to a lower guide roll 22,the latter serving to guide the paper in a suitable manner for movementto the winding reel I8. The two rolls 2!! and 22 are suitably journalledin side frames 23, which may besuitable hollow castings having baseportions 28 adapted to be mounted on the sides of the water tank ll.

As the waxed paper moves downwardly from the roll 20 it traverses anupper series of blades 26, which are all adapted for shaving engagementwith a light contact, with one side of the paper and which operatesuccessively to remove water particles from the waxed sheet by a com--bined shaving and gravitational action and without the use of suctiondevices. The blades 26, as shown, are so positioned that their shavingedges collectively define a quite gradually curved line, see Fig. 2,although the line of downward movement of the paper does not depart toany large degree from a vertical line at any point along the waterremoval zone. There is preferably some light pressure of the web againstthe blades, although the first blade or two of a series may beentirelyout of contact with the paper if desired. The pressure of the paperagainst any blade, however, is quite small due to the very gradual curvein which the web moves, as defined by the shaving edges of the blades.

Each of the blades 26 is a rather thin metal blade, preferably having athickness of the order of about one-sixteenth inch, having a thin sharpshaving edge, the blade surface presented toward the paper beinginclined at a small angle to thepaper and being inclined also at a smallangle to the vertical. The side of the blade remote from the paper andadjacent the blade edge is also preferably inclined at a small angleconsiderably less than 45 to the paper and to the vertical. The angle ofinclination of the blades to the paper sheet may be as shown in theconstruction illustrated in Fig. 7, where the paper facing sides of theblades are inclined at an angle of about 10 to the vertical while the,sides of the blades remote from the paper and adjacent the blade edge isat an angle of about 20 to the vertical. These angles, however, may besomewhat yvaried although the angularity of the blades to the papershould be comparatively small and less; than 45 to obtain a veryeffective separation of the water from the paper as the paper travelsdownwardly past a number of these blades. And with the angularity of theblades as above referred to, it has been found that any scraping actionof the blades on the wax is not such as to cause scratches or marks onthe waxed sheet. Quite a number of blades are utilized to completelyremove the surface Water from a side of a rapidly moving sheet of paperto such an extent that the wound up waxed sheet will be of uniformappearance and will not be marred by spots caused by water drops orparticles. Twelve such blades are illustrated in the drawings for eachside of the sheet.

With the blades arranged as above mentioned, the action of gravity ismost effectively utilized, for the gravitational force on any particleof water on the sheet naturally tends to make that particle of watermove in a downward direction and that natural tendency to movedownwardly is not interfered with to any large extent when the Waterparticle comes in contact with a shaving blade. The direction of thewater particle is merely changed through a comparatively small angle andstill continues to move generally downwardly but it then moves along thesurface of the blade, to which it has a natural tendency to adherebecause of the metallic character of the blade. Even though the blademay be very slightly spaced from the body of the paper as the shavingblade with which the downwardly moving sheet contacts effectivelyseparates a large part of the water, and successive blades actsuccessively to remove the remaining water particles, the removed waterrunning down the inclined surface of the blades and being disposed of aswill be presently described.

The air currents produced in accordance with the arrangement describedalso assist the removal of the water, for the air movement following therapidly traveling paper, and produced by the friction of the paper isdeflected by the blades to move away from the paper and create anentraining action tending to pull the water particles from the sheetjust ahead of and at the point of contact between blade and sheet.

After the waxed paper has passed the upper series of shaving blades 25,it is engaged by a second series of blades 21, which are similar inconstruction to the blades 26 but Which incline downwardly and away fromthe opposite side of the sheet, to remove the water effectively fromthis opposite side of the sheet. The shaving edges of the blades of thelower series, the angularity of the blades, and the number of the bladesis preferably similar to the arrangement of the blades 26 except thatthe lower series is adapted for engagement with the opposite side of thepaper. As will be apparent from Fig. 2, the upper and lower series ofblades together define a gradual reversed curve as the web moves fromthe upper roll to the lower roll 22 of the water removal apparatus.

The shaving blades 26 and 21 are preferably detachably connected bysuitable screws or the like to blade holders 28, as shown in Figs. 4, 5,and 6. The blade holders are preferably metal plates, having boltreceiving slots 29 which receive securing bolts 30, the latter extendingvertically through the Various holders 28 and through spacing blocks 3!which are arranged between adjacent holders and which are preferablysecured by fastening bolts 32 to a back plate 33; The back plate 33 maybe a suitable casting providing a common support for all of the bladesZBof the upper blade series, a similar plate being provided for the lowerseries of blades 21. These plates or supports 33 extend between and arebolted to the side frames 23 by means of bolts 35. As will be apparent,the slots 29 which are provided in the holders 28 permit lateraladjustment in the positioning of the blades so that the degree ofcurvature of the path of travel of the paper can be altered, as desired,and so that the action of the various shaving blades may be equalized.The various attaching bolts 32 may be loosened, and with the bolts 30loosened the position of the blade holders 28 may be adjusted. When thebolt 30 is o tightened the variousholders are held fixed in theirrelative positions and fixed with respect to the frame.

The water that is shaved from the paper passes laterally along theholders 28 and into the chambers 36 of the side frames 23. Thus thewater that is removed from the paper has no tendency to fall on somelower portion of the paper, but is returned directly to the tank I'lthrough the openings 31 in the base portion of the side frames.

Near the upper end of the water removal apparatus, the latter isprovided with a curved plate 30 fixed to a tube 4| at the front and. toa trough or tube portion 42. These tubes are secured at their oppositeends on the side frames 23 and c communicate with the interior of theside frames.

.This plate is efiective in catching any drops of end frame. The waterthat moves to the rear on the plate 40 is collected in the trough ortube 42 I and fiows out the end of the tube into the side frames.

By reason of the grouping of those blades which engage one side of thepaper, and having the blades which engage the other side of the paper sopositioned as to become efiective after the paper passes the last bladeof the first series, the paper can be curved in a gradual line, and if abreak occurs in the paper it will be apparent that it is a very simplematter to rethread the paper over the upper roll 20 and past all of theblades and under the lower roll 22, the arrangement of the blades inupper and lower series permitting this rethreading operation in anexceedingly simple manner. However breaks in the paper will not befrequent since any small defects in the paper, such as a small hole inthe paper which causes a projecting paper fragment are not apt to causea break in the web. Any projecting particle would be so bent or cutby'the first blade of aseries that the other blades of that series wouldbe without any effect tending to cause a break. 7 As will now beapparent. the water or other cooling liquid can be removed from a waxedsheet by apparatus that does not require any additional power to beefiective, the power required to pull the web through the waxing machinebeing uti lized without requiring any additional suction de: vices andthe like. This removal of the water is accomplished with a very smallbroke loss and produces a drier sheet than has been obtained in practiceby the usual suction devices. When a break in the paper does occur it isa comparatively simple matter to rethread the sheet, and as soon as thepaper moves again the water removal immediately becomes efiective.

While the method herein described, and the forms of apparatus forcarrying this method into efiect, constitute preferred embodiments ofthe invention, it is to be understood that the ini/ention is not limitedto this precise method and forms of apparatus, and that changes may bemade in either without departing from the scope of the invention whichis defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is: v 1. Apparatus for removing water and the like froma web of waxed paper comprising means for guiding the web in a downwarddirection, and 'a series of shaving blades successively engageable withone side of the downwardly moving web, said blades inclining downwardlyaway from the web and having shaving edges positioned in a gradual curveto gradually curve the path of travel of the web.

2. Apparatus for removing water and the like from the surface of a webof paper comprising means for guiding the web in a downward direction,and a series of shaving blades successively engageable with one side ofthe downwardly moving web, said blades having shaving edges positionedto quite gradually curve the path of travel of the web and incliningdownwardly away from the web at a small angle to the web and at a smallangle to the vertical and removing the water from the web by a combinedgravitation and shaving action.

3. Apparatus for removing water and the like from a web of waxed papercomprising means for guiding the web in a downward direction, and aseries of sharp metal blades successively engageable with one side ofthe downwardly moving web, said blades inclining downwardly away fromthe web at a small angle to the web and at a small angle to the verticaland removing the Walter from the' web by a combined gravitation ndshaving action.

4. Apparatus for removing water and the like from a web of waxed-papercomprising means for guiding the web in a downward direction, an upperseries of shaving blades successively engageable with one side of thedownwardly moving web, and a second series of shaving blades providedbelow the upper series and engageable with the other side of thedownwardly moving web, the blades of each series having shaving edgespositioned to define a gradually curved path of travel of the web, saidblades inclining downwardly away from the web.

5. Apparatus of the character described comprising means for guiding aweb in a downward direction, an upper series of shaving bladessucce'ssively engageable with one side of the downwardly moving web, anda second series of shaving blades provided below the upper series andengageable with the other side of the downwardly moving web, the bladesof each series having shaving edges inclining downwardly away from theweb.

6. Apparatus for removing surface material from a downwardly travelingweb comprising an upper series of shaving blades. successivelyengageable with one side of the downwardly moving web, and a secondseries of shaving blades provided below the upper series and engageablewith the other side of the downwardly moving web, the blades incliningdownwardly away from the web and having shaving edges adapted forsubstantial line contact with the web and positioned to quite graduallycurve the path of travel of the web.

'7. Apparatus for removing water and the like from a traveling webcomprising means for guiding the web in a downward direction, fixed sideframes supporting said guiding means, a. series ofshaving blades fixedon said side frames en- I gageable with one side of the downwardlymoving web and inclining downwardly and away from the web, and a secondseries of shaving blades fixed on said side frames engageable with theother side of the web and inclining downwardly and away from the web.

8. Apparatus for removing water and the like from a web of waxed. papercomprising means for guiding the Web in a downward direction, an, upperseries of shaving blades successively engageable with one side of thedownwardly moving web, and a second series of shaving blades providedbelow the upper series and engageable with the other side of thedownwardly moving web, a common supporting frame in which both saidseries are fixed, the blades of each series having their edgespositioned to define a gradually curved path of travel of the web, saidblades inclining downwardly away from the web.

9. Apparatus for removing water and the like from a web of waxed papercomprising means for guiding the web in a downward direction, and aseries of shaving blades having water guiding surfaces incliningdownwardly and away from the web at a small angle for efiect-ivemechanical separation of the water by a combined gravitation and shavingaction.

10. Apparatus for removing water and the like from a web of waxed papercomprising means for guiding the web in a downward direction, and aseries of fixed shaving blades for each side of the paper each bladehaving a gradually tapering shaving edge and having water guidingsurfaces inclining downwardly and away from the Web for efiectivemechanical separation of the water by a combined gravitation and shavingaction.

11. Apparatus of the character described comprising means for guiding acoated web in a inclining downwardly and away from the web and efiectiveto separate surface liquid from the web by a gravitational andmechanical shaving action, a common support for said serieaand means forindividually adjusting said blades on said support in a directionsubstantially transverse of the direction of web travel.

13. The method of removing water from waxed paper by a combinedgravitational and shaving action comprising moving the paper in adownward direction, and performing a succession of shaving actions onthe paper as the paper moves downwardly so as to mechanically separatethe surface water from the paper by a change in direction of movement ofthe water particles through a small angle.

14. The method of removing water from waxed paper merely by a combinedgravitational and shaving action comprising moving the paper in adownward direction, performing a succession of shaving actions on oneside of the paper and then performing a series of shaving actions on theother side of the paper as the paper moves downwardly so as tomechanically separate the surface water from the paper by a change indirection of movement of the Water particles through a small angle.

15. The method of removing water from waxed paper merely by a combinedgravitational and shaving action comprising moving the paper in adownward direction and in "a very gradually curved path and performing asuccession of shaving actions on one side of the paper followed by asuccession of shaving'actions on the other side of the paper as thepaper moves downwardly so as to mechanically separate the water from thepaper. I

CHARLES W. HOWARD.

